Writing related parts of a sentence, list or heading in similar grammatical form makes reading easier. The reader expects the sentence to follow a pattern; if you abandon it, you create confusion.
Here are some examples.
Unparallel structure: Lisa was happy about the promotion and getting the pay raise.
Parallel structure: Lisa was happy about the promotion and the pay raise.
Unparallel structure: The regulator advised companies to work diligently and against relying on luck.
Parallel structure: The regulator advised companies to work diligently and not rely on luck.
Unparallel structure: Andrew requested we (1) define our mission statement; (2) determining budgets; and (3) then the approval process can begin.
Parallel structure: Andrew requested that we (1) define our mission statement; (2) determine budgets; and (3) begin the approval process.
Keep parallel structure in mind for lists, particularly changing verb tenses. An incorrect example would be:
“There are several factors to consider in the approval process, such as:
— clarifying the product details;
— identify the target audience;
— ensuring support from management;
— seek regulatory approval.”
For consistency, keep the verb tenses the same: i.e. clarify, identify, ensure, seek.
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